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Well, it doesn't really matter what "name" the cartridge wears; what counts is which bullet at how much speed.
With the excellent 125 Nosler Ballistic Tip, you should be able to get somewhere between 2200 and 2300 fps from a 30-30, a Herrett or the Whisper (but at different pressure levels). If you plug those numbers into any ballistic calculator, you'll see that you get adequate killing power for deer out to about 250 yards. The trajectory at that point is usable, too.
Heavy bullets launched slower (or MUCH slower if you drop subsonic) will have passable energy, but you'll need a range estimate almost down to the yard to deal with the highly arched trajectory. Bullet construction is also a problem - few if any heavy bullets will expand at all at those speeds.
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